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Climate and environment

Factum Perspective: Cyclone Ditwah and the New Climate Reality: Why Sri Lanka Must Treat Adaptation as Urgently as Mitigation

By Verangika Upananda Sri Lanka’s climate strategy, historically weighted toward mitigation, can no longer afford to treat adaptation as secondary. For years, Sri Lanka’s climate narrative has centred on reducing national emissions, transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and aligning with global decarbonisation targets. However, the scale and speed of the destruction caused by…

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Factum Perspective: Stop Rebuilding and Start Building Resilience 

Written by Eng. Plnr. Ananda Gamage Sri Lanka has endured a relentless series of climate-driven disasters over the past decade, floods that submerged entire towns, landslides that swept away villages and homes, cyclones that uprooted livelihoods, and droughts that parched farmlands. Cyclone ‘Ditwah’ exposed the country’s fragile infrastructure and underscored how unprepared Sri Lanka remains for intensifying climate extremes. A deeper truth which…

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Factum Perspective: Sri Lanka’s Green Power Dream: Is the 70% Renewable Pledge a Goal Too Far?  

By Verangika Upananda   Sri Lanka’s national commitment to generate 70% of its power from renewable sources by 2030 stands as one of the region’s most ambitious policy goals. It reflects both a necessary response to global climate obligations and a pragmatic strategy for national energy security, particularly given the acute vulnerability to global fuel price volatility exposed…

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Factum Perspective: Bright Potential, Dark Policy: The Cost of Rolling Back Energy Reform in Sri Lanka

By Verangika Upananda Earlier this year, a nationwide blackout was famously triggered when a monkey entered a substation, highlighting the grid's continued instability. Blackouts, unpredictable supply, and the constant uncertainty of policy decisions demonstrate that Sri Lanka’s energy system is still struggling to keep pace with its ambition to achieve 70% renewable energy by…

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Factum Perspective: After the Ruling – X-Press Pearl in Perspective

By Lavanga Derangala The X-Press Pearl maritime disaster off the coast of Colombo in 2021 continues to provoke serious legal, environmental, and political questions, especially surrounding the controversial decision to pursue civil litigation in Singapore rather than in Sri Lanka. While the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka delivered a historic ruling in a Fundamental Rights…

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Factum Perspective: Green Promises, Old Powers – Democratizing Renewable Energy Transitions in Sri Lanka and beyond

By Verangika Upananda As South Asia grapples with rising energy demands, economic uncertainties, and commitments under international climate agreements, it is increasingly poised to adopt renewable energy as the path forward. However, the energy transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy is fundamentally a political rather than a technical or financial one. In Sri Lanka,…

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Factum Perspective: When Borders Boil, Rivers Run Dry – Kashmir Tensions Shake India-Pakistan Water Diplomacy

By Lakmali Bhagya Manamperi On April 22, a deadly terrorist attack in the Baisaran Valley near Pahalgam, located in Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir, resulted in the deaths of 26 individuals, the majority of whom were Indian tourists. This marked the deadliest incident in the contested territory since the 2019 Pulwama bombing, where a suicide attack…

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Factum Perspective: The Ecological Implications of the California Wildfires

By Erik Solheim The recent devastating wildfires in California offer a stark and tragic illustration of the escalating climate crisis. These fires, which have claimed several lives and displaced thousands, are among the most destructive in history. They are leaving behind heartbreaking images of destroyed homes and shattered lives. The disaster is not an isolated…

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Factum Perspective: The ICJ climate change case and the politics of climate justice

By Ramindu Perera In December 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concluded the oral hearings of a historic case on international obligations of states to combat the climate crisis. The case originated with the request submitted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) to provide an advisory opinion clarifying obligations international law imposes on…

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Factum Perspective: Forging Digital and Maritime Futures

By Flavia Gunarathna In a series of diplomatic and technological engagements, Sri Lanka seems to be taking strides towards enhancing its digital and maritime infrastructure. During his official visit to Indonesia, President Ranil Wickremesinghe held discussions with Indonesian officials and Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX. These meetings, occurring amidst the backdrop of the…

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Factum Perspective: The Environmental Implications of Adani’s Entry

By Amantha Gunarathna Adani Group's recent announcement of a USD 750 million investment in Sri Lanka's power sector seemingly marks a significant stride towards bolstering the country's energy infrastructure. This investment underscores the growing recognition of the importance of transitioning towards sustainable energy sources globally. However, amidst the optimism, scrutiny arises concerning Adani's track record…

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